Name: Leonard Thiam Chuan Fu
Class, School: 1E3, Bedok view sec

RECAP QUESTIONS
PG155
Q1.What were the internal threats that ancient china faced?
ANS: They faced civil wars and rebellion. They fought together because they were greedy to gain more land and power, this causes civil wars.

PG158
Q1. What were the internal threats that the people of ancient Souutheast Asia faced?
ANS: They faced Warfare and rebellion and Privacy. In 1511 CE, Melaka was attacked and conqured by an European power. The defeat was mostly due to the weak leadership of Sultan Mahmud.

PG161
Q3.Why was it important for the ancient people to respond adequately to these threats?
ANS: They need time to react fast with the situation so that the will not be hurt.

PG174
Q1.What were the measures taken by the ancient Chinese against foreign invasions?
ANS:The chinese emperors took several steps to prevent foreign invasions such as forming a tribute system, building physical barriers & armies and developing weapons.
PG 177
Q2.How did they respond to these external threats ?
ANS: They formed their friendship with other kingdom, they also built physical barriers & armies , weapons and patriotic rebellions .
PG181
Q2. How different and/or similar were the people of ancient India, China and Southeast Asia in responding to external threats?
Ans: Ancient people built physical barriers and armies and invented weapons to protect themselves against invaders, rulers make friendships with other rulers.

Q1 . What inference(s) can you make from studying the map about the Mauryan Dynasty?
ANS:-There was advanced technology that allowed traders to travel long distances.
-They made the routes possible to let the people to trade their things.
Q2. What was the result of this interaction?
ANS:-They can also trade things from others city and culture.This will enable them to learn more about thier religons and culture.

What happened to shang dynasty c.1150 BCE?
Our understanding of Shang society contains many gaps, and historians do not even agree on the dynasty's exact terminal dates, but a common estimation is 1766 Shang society was highly stratified according to occupation and hereditary rank. At the top was a king, served by an aristocratic class. Under the rule of the king and aristocracy were numerous peasants and artisans, who paid a share of their produce as taxes. We can speak of Shang China as an empire comprising much of the Yellow River area (*see map*). This empire contained several large cities, the center of each containing large buildings, sacrificial alters, storehouses, and other structures. Buildings in these cities had pounded-earth foundations into which were set large stones or bronze castings to support wooden pillars. Beyond these cities, the boundaries of the empire were not clearly defined, and the Shang king had to spend much of his time waging war in outlying areas to maintain control of his territory.BCE-1127 BCE.

Rise of Shang
The Shang dynasty is believed to have been founded by a rebel leader who overthrew the last Xia ruler. Its civilization was based on agriculture, augmented by hunting, and animal husbandry. The Records of the Grand Historian state that the Shang moved its capital six times. The final and most important move to Yin in 1350 BC led to the golden age of the dynasty. The term Yin dynasty has been synonymous with the Shang in history, and indeed was the more popular term, although it is now often used specifically in reference to the later half of the Shang. The Japanese and Koreans still refer to the Shang dynasty exclusively as the Yin (In) dynasty.

The Shang had a fully developed system of writing as attested on bronze inscriptions, oracle bones, and a small number of other writings on pottery, jade and other stones, horn, etc.;its complexity and state of development indicates an earlier period of development, which is still unattested. Bronze casting and pottery also advanced in Shang culture. The bronze was commonly used for art rather than weapons. In astronomy, the Shang astronomers saw Mars and various comets. Many musical instruments were also invented at that time.

WHAT HAPPENED C. 1500 BCE?
How and what had happened to have caused a rapid end to the Indus Valley Civilisation
-Historians and archaeologists believe that it ended due to an unpredictable flood
-Rapid cultural change
-Increase in population

WRITINGS :
Has there been evidence of artifacts found which would indicate that the people of the Indus Valley Civilisation had a system of communication?
-This seal from Mohenjo-daro measures 29 mm (1.14) inches on each side and is made of fired steatite.
-The scripts carved on the seals/tablets, represented the Indus language.
-Historians had compared the the relative disorder of the glyph positions to that of five types of known natural languages: Sumerian, Old Tamil, Rig Vedic Sanskrit, and English

OCCUPATIONS :

Amourer- make weapons


Fisherman- fish for fish


Potters - make pot

STRUCTURES OF INDUS VALLEY :

Drain exiting the Great Bath
-Flush the water out


The Great Bath
-For religious bathing




Well
-For getting water

Resources :
http://www.google.com.sg/

Recap question:
1. What are primary and secondary sources?
Ans: Primary sources are information provided by people who were involved in historical events or who witnessed the events.
Secondary sources are the records of people who did not directly participate in or witness the events they describe.
2. How do historians make sure that their sources are reliable?
Historians will use the three C's - Credibility, Consistency and Corroboration to ensure that their sources are reliable.
3. Why and when is it necessary for historians to revise their interpretations of past events?
-New pieces of evidence are constantly being discovered so historians therefore have to revise their interpretations of past events.
They also revise their interpretations of past events when there is new pieces of evidence are constantly eing discovered.